How to install CentOS Linux on VMware 12

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This post will introduce how to install a CentOS on VMware 12.

Install CentOS

Custom –> I will install the operating system later.

Good Commands

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$> more a.txt        // more display
$> more -5 a.txt     // display the first 5 lines
$> ls -aR ~          // list all recursively
$> head a.txt        // display the first 10 lines
$> head -n 12 a.txt  // display the first 12 lines
$> head -n -10 a.txt  // display all but the last 10 lines
$> tail a.txt        // display the last 10 lines
$> tail -n 12 a.txt  // the last 12 lines
$> wc -c a.txt       // display the byte counts
$> wc -m a.txt       // print the char counts
$> wc -l a.txt       // print the line counts
$> wc -w a.txt       // display the word counts
$> wc -L a.txt       // print the length of the longest line
$> hostname
$> uname -a          // print all information about system
$> file a.so         // print type of a file
$> xargs             // convert multi lines to single line
$> find . | grep txt | cp `xargs` temp    // copy all 'txt' files from `find` command to `temp` directory
$> which echo        // find where command `echo` is
$> chmod g+w a.txt   // add write permission to group
$> chown -h xxx:xxx linker  // change a linker owner but not object
$> ln -sfT linker newObject  // change a linker from old to new

Net Configuration

  1. Network modes

    • Bridged
      • Connect virtual machine to Internet directly by physical netcard.
      • Other machines can access virtual machine directly.
    • NAT(Net Address Tranform)
      • virtual machine can access other machines.
      • Other machines can not access virtual machine.
    • Host-only
      • Like NAT but can not connect to Internet.

  2. Static IP Address

    • Edit file: /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enoxxxxx
      These values should be modified:

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      ONBOOT=yes
      NM_CONTROLLED=no
      BOOTPROTO=static
      IPADDR=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
      NETMASK=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
      GATEWAY=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

      NETMASK and GATEWAY must be same with your VMnet8(NAT mode).

    • Edit file: /etc/resolv.conf for DNS

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      nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

      nameserver must be same with VMnet8 gateway.

  3. Jobs

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    $> cat a.txt &  // run in background
    $> jobs         // check jobs in background
    $> fg %n        // switch job to foreground, `n` is job ID
    ctrl + z        // switch job to background
    $> bg %n        // continue a job in background
    $> kill %n      // kill a job

  4. Process

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    $> ps -Af      // show all processes
    $> top

  5. Cut

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    $> cut -c 1-5 a.txt   // show the 1st - 5th chars in each lines

  6. Device Info

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    $> fdisk -l /dev/sda  // show infos of `sda` like partitions
    $> df -ah             // show free space of devices

  7. Host name

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    $> hostname // show host name

    change host name to edit /etc/hostname file.

  8. Host name to IP address
    Edit file /etc/hosts

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    127.0.0.1 localhost
    xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx host1

  9. Nested Commands

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    $> echo www.baidu.com > a.txt
    $> echo `cat a.txt`
    $> ping $(echo $(cat a.txt))

  10. Add and Delete users

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    $> useradd -m newuser      // add new user
    $> userdel -rf newuser     // delete new user

  11. Env variable

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    $> echo ${PATH}
    $> echo "$PATH"
    $> export mypath=${name:-$PATH}  // ternary operator

  12. Parameters of scripts

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    $?        // return value
    $#        // number of params
    $n        // the n-th param
    $0        // current name of script
    $@        // get all params
    shift     // left move param

  13. If
    An example of if:

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    #!/bin/bash
    if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then
      echo less than 2!
    elif [ $# -gt 2 ]; then
      echo greater then 2!
    else
      echo good!
    fi
    echo ==============
    echo param number is: $#
    echo all params are: $@
    echo the 2nd param is: $2
    echo current script name is: $0

  14. For
    An example of for“

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    #!/bin/bash
    lines=5
    for (( x=1; x<=lines; x=$x+1 )); do
      for (( y=1; y<=$x; y=$y+1 )); do
        echo -n $ye
      done
      echo
    done

  15. YUM

    • Repository

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      $> mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
      $> curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo
      $> yum makecache

    • Yum Commands

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      $> yum list                  // list all packages
      $> yum list installed        // list all installed packages
      $> yum search xxx            // search xxx in repos
      $> yum remove xxx            // remove an installed package xxx
      $> yum install xxx           // install a package
      $> yum [re]install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/home/xxx wget // download wget packages into /home/xxx
      $> yum localinstall xxx.rpm  // local install a rpm

    • Make ISO file

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      $> yum install mkisofs
      $> mkisofs -r -o xxx.iso yyy    // make xxx.iso from dir yyy